Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called processing. Output Unit: The output unit is used for storing the result as output produced by the computer after processing. 1.2: Basic computer Organizaåon Storage Unit: The storage unit is used for storing data and instructions before and after processing. PROGRAM & DATA INPUT UNIT STORAGE UNIT CONTROL UNIT ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT OUTPUT UNIT RESULTS CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT Dotted lines (-) indicate now ofins&ucüon solid lines ) indicate now of data b. Input Unit: This unit is used for entering data and programs into the computer system by the user for processing. emese are it accepts data or instructions as input, it stores data and instruction it processes data as per the instructions, it controls all operations inside a computer, and it gives results in the form of output. A computer performs five major operations or functions irrespective of its size and make. Cen&al Processing unit further includes Arithmetic logic unit and control unit, as shown in Figure 1.2. 1.1) consists of mainly four basic units namely input unit, storage unit, central processing unit and output unit. A piece of information once recorded (or stored) in the computer, can never be forgotten and can be retrieved almost instantaneously. Storage Capacity Today's computers can store large volumes of data. The presence of computers can be seen in almost every sphere - Railway/Air reservation, Banks, Hotels, Weather forecasting and many more. Versatility Computers are versatile machines and are capable of performing any task as long as it can be broken down into a series of logical steps. ![]() Computers, therefore, are better than human beings in performing voluminous and repetitive jobs. ![]() They do not suffer from human traits of boredom and tiredness resulting in lack of concentration. Errors that may occur can almost always be attributed to human error (inaccurate data, poorly designed system or faulty instructions/ programs written by the programmer) Diligence Unlike human beings, computers are highly consistent. Accuracy In addidon to being fast, computers are also accurate. A powerful computer is capable of performing about 3-4 million simple ins&uctions per second. Computer and Office Applications Speed Computers work at an incredible speed. 1.2 OBJECTIVES After going through this lesson you would be able to: familiarise yourself with characteristics of computers identify the basic components of a computer explain the importance of various units of a computer differentiate between system software and application software explain the importance of operating system get acquainted with open source appreciate the need of computer security 1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS The characteristics of computers that have made them so powerful and universally useful are speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility and storage capacity. Software are the set of programs that make use of hardware for performing various functions. Hardware is the machine itself and its connected devices such as monitor, keyboard, mouse etc. Computer components are divided into two major categories namely hardware and software. BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER 1.1 INTRODUCTION A computer is a programmable machine designed to perform arithmetic and logical operations automatically and sequentially on the input given by the user and gives the desired output after processing.
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